e
South-east and protect such area from a contraction. Therefore, it is
The development
strategy by 2010 are :
- Increase the share of
the industrial sector and services; decrease the share of agricutural
sector.
- Increase an annual
developtnent speed by 20- 30%, obtain 600 - 700 millions USD of expọrt
turnover; and create more than 100,000 jobs.
- Having slrived for 75
years, GEROCO has grown up and become a foremost Vietnamese agricullure
group.
Moc Chau Tea Company
in the Tea Production
sector
The regiment 280 under control of the division 335 - a voluntary armed
force - has done their business by shifting from a mihtary farm into
Moc Chau state-owned farm in January 1 st 196 1.
Through a series
of efforts and experiments, agricultural farms discovered that weather,
climate and soil conditions in Moc Chau Plateau are favourable to tea
bushes and cows. By the end 1963, 141.33 ha of Shan Tuyet tea bushes
has been cultivated, resulting in a yield of 83 .5 tons. From 1 983 to
1998, having re-organized and shifted from state-owned farm into Moc
Chau corporation, they have 700 ha oftea bushes; the highest yield they
got was 3.450 tons, an average productivity was 49 quintals/ha. In 1
998, Moc Chau corporation was disbanded, then Moc Chau tea agro-industry
enterprise under control of Vietnam Tea Corporation was established.
In 1995, the
company has 506, 1 1 ha of tea bushes, mainly ultivated in 1 960s. In
addtion, it owned a Russian tea processing line with the capacity 42
tons/day and a Taiwanese green tea one with 7 tons/day.
By then, the company
has obtained 1, 135 ha of tea bushes, including 525 ha of highyield tea
with the highest average productivity of 1 65 quintals/ha and output of
9,000 tons.
The company is the
first unit to make investment and provide comsumption markets for 3,755
tea-making households, including 1 ,894 ethnic households.
There are 5
factories with 7 Taiwanese and Japanese processing lines with the total
capacity 1 70 tons/day which include semimechanic, automatic and modem
equipments.
The company takes
the lead in the national tea production. It also owns a fertilizer
factory in order to attend to intensive farming. The company settles
jobs for 4,256 people (including 2,005 ethic minorities); female workers
occupies 78,5% (including 34% of ethmc minorities). The company has been
the leading unit of Vietnam Tea Corporation and among agricuture
enterprises in Son La Province in tenns of production, business, ecnomic
integration and trađemark development for many years.
Thanks to
dynamic and creative efforts in a context of market -oriented economy,
all members of company achieved much admiring results in production and
business activities.
In 2004, tea output
increased 3.3 times, productivity raised 2.9 times, total revenue was
4,8 times, profit reached 1 ,350 billions VND, workers' incomes climbed
5.5 times as much as in 1995.
After the 46
year-development , Moc Chau Tea Company tea has got many outstanding
achievements, playing an important role in the national tea production,
tuming Moc Chau Plateau into a key economic zone of Moc Chau District
and Son La Province, been a reliable support for these inhabitants,
Company was conferred with many orders, medals, certificates of merit
from the Govemment and Party Committee. They strived to become a group
of labour hero in the innovation period.
Agricultural
advanced technologies in Red river delta, Viet Nam these days
Red River Delta
comprises 11 provinces and cities; total natural area accounts for close
to 14,806 km2; cultivation area:855,000 ha, accounts for 9.5% of the
total land area of the country; population: 1 7,649 thousands, accounts
for 22.0% of the country's opulation, population density: 1,230
people/km2 (2003). Located in the Hanoi-hai Phong-quang Ninh economic
development triangle, having a favourable geographic condition for
trading with China and Asian North East countries, Red River Delta is
one of the key economic zones of Vietnam.
Agricultural
production in 5 years had some problems conceming the weather and
diseases which caused huge damages to production such as waterlog due to
rains in
the 2003/04 crop and
the wide-spread poultry flu. However, in general, the agncultural
production still gained great results. The average production value of
each hectare/year increased to VND35.8 million in 2004 from VND24.5
million in 2000 (46% increase). Due to the heavy density, the
agriculture in Red River Delta tends to suit the multicroping intensive
cultivation and diversification of the production process as regards to
the market demand. The quality and quantity of the agro-products in Red
River Delta continues to
Improve. Besides the
positive impacts of policies and the efforts of famlers, the
contribution of advanced technology plays an important role in the
development of agricultural production in the region. Follows are some
science advances applied to the production of Red River Delta.
Rice see
Short-day rice seeds of
high productivity plays the vital role in the structure of rice seed of
the region. In the 1 0 rice seeds cultivated in more than 60% (91 8,000
ha) of the annual total cultivation area, the two special rice seeds,
the Khang Dan and Q5 seeds account for 570,000 hectares (47%). The
productivity in 2004 increased by 2.9% compares to 2000 (l% higher than
the average increase for rice of the whole country), in which the
productivity in Summer - Spring increased 10.9% and the productivity in
the mua crop increased 1 %. The Red River Delta was the region which had
the highest productivity of rice when reached to 56.8 quintal/hectare.
There were some provinces which had rather high rate of shott-day rice
crops against the total cultivated area, such as: Ninh Binh (more than
85%), Ha Tay (800/O)' Thai Binh (more than 70%) and Nam Dinh (more than
80%).
Crossbred rice
seeds cultivated reached to 268,000 ha, accounted for 2 1% of the total
cultivated area, in which seeds for the mua crop reached to 1 20,000 ha,
accounted for 45o/o and Winter - Spring crop reached to 148,000 ha,
accounted for 55%, higher than in other regions. Besides crossbred rice
seeds of high productivity and medium quality such as D: uu 527 and Bac
uu 64 and BTST, some domestic crossbred rice seed shave been produced
and developed, such as VL 20, HYT 83, TH 3-3. There were some provinces
which had a high rate ofcrossbred rice namely Nam Dinh: 57.5% (92,700
ha), Ninh Binh: 60% (48,300 ha) and Thai Binh: 1 8.4% (30,900 ha).
In parallel with the
expanding of F1 crossbred seed rice seed in cultivation, the study and
application activities of F 1 crossbred seed have gained remarkable
results, the annual production area of F 1 crossbred seed reached nearly
2000 ha with the average productivity of about 2-2.2 tonne/ha/season
and high quality and lower ptice compared to the price when import
(30-50o/o).
Bac thom 7, Huong
thom so 1 and nep rice seeds comprising tam thom, tam xoan continued to
be expanded and reached to more than 1 0% of the total rice cultivation
area. Some provinces such as Nam Dinh, Bac Ninh began to establish
special rice zone.
Crops:
+
Maize: crossbred maize
area account ed for 96.2%, in which domestic crossbred maize seeds
accounted for 65.4%. The ten ctossbred maize seeds (LVN4, LVN 10, B968 1
, P60, CP888, HQ2000, LVNL 7, VN, VN2, B9797) reached nearly 75,000 ha,
accounted for 80%. This contributed much to the rapid growth of maize
productivity from 31.1 quintal/ha in 2000 to 39.9 quintal/ha in
2004 (28.3% increase). Many regions which had a large area of 500- 1 000
ha have reached the average productivity up to 50-55 quintal/ha.
+
Soybean: New short-day
seeds of high productivity that suited to the Winter season such as
DT84, ĐT 1 2, AK03 , DT99 and V74 accounted for 70% of the total
cultivation area. They have helped contribute to the increase of the
productivity of soybean to 13.7 quintal/ha in 2004 from 9.7 quintal/ha
in 2000 (4 1 . 2%)
+ Peanut:
Those peanut seeds
of high productivity and quality such as Li4, MD7, Sen lai 75/23 , L 1 8
and Tram dau 207 accounted for close to 60% of the total cultivation
area. This helped increase the peanut productivity by 25.3%
+ Vegetable,
potaloes and mushroom:
- Application ofnew
potato seeds of high productivity and quality such as: VT2, Diamant,
Holland Hong Ha 7, KT3 . The clean multiplication technique,
small round shaped potato breed production and cold storage breed
preserve technique instead of the traditional preserve technique
contributed to the increase of potato productivity to 1 3() quintal/ha
in 2004 from 1 1 2 quintal/ha in 2000 ( 1 6% increase), potato
production effectiveness increased 30-40%. There have been 80 cold
storages for potato breed in the Red River Delta.
- High grade vegetable
seeds, imported F1 breed of high quality and productivity such as
American watermelons, cucumbers, carrots, Japanese baggages, French and
American tomatoes, . . . have been increasing expanded. This
brings about the strong alteration in the structure of vegetables. The
rapid increase of clean vegetable area gradually meets the demand of the
domestic consumption. Clean vegetable and mushroom production zones of
high quality are being establish. In line with advanced techniques for
new seeds, the organisation system as well as crop seed services are
also adjusted for higher professional level. With the strong
organisation system including enterprises, research institutes, seed
co-operatives, the appliances and other materials for serving. The seed
studies, roduction, reservation are rather sufflcient and synchronous
from the central level to the grassroot level. This helps keep the
annual seed output in the region up to more than 60% of nce seeds, 70%
of maize seeds, more than 70% of soybean seeds and more than 50% of
fruit trees. Therefore, the Red River Delta became the centre for crop
seed production and supply for Northem provinces.
Cultivation
technique
Sowing brick
making technique and minimum soil improvement technique are popular in
production for most of dry land crop namely maize, soybean, vegetable,…
for the increase of crops, overlapped crops and reduction of labour
cost, making use of the season, avoidance of unfavorable weather, …
Application of rice
seed sowing technique with nylon cover of glound surface for dry land
crops helps restrain weeds, economise water and fertilizer, reduce
labour cost, reduce the damages from rains, heat, coldness and insects,
increase the crop productivity and production effectiveness
Application ofnet-house
plantation technique for some crops of high value namely: flowers,
vegetables, breeds, fruit trees free from diseases, . . . has
been tested with great results in some regions such as Hanoi, Hai Phong,
Bac Ninh, Ha Tay, Hai Duong
Fruit trees and
some other trees, cutting raising and grafting as well as branch raising
techmques are very popular instead ofprovining techmque: Seed sowing
(knot grafting, wedge grafting ), free-of-disease fruit tree
multiplication by grafting technique.
Fertiliser and
biological products: mixed NPK fertilizing technique was popularized
instead of sole fertilizing the time before. Besides, by using
biological fertihzers, leaf
spraying fertilizers,
growing regulation substances and biological products contribute much to
the increase of productivity and quality, reduction of damages and agro-
products' prices.
Agriculture
mechanisation: At this time, most of activities comprising soil improve
ment, harvest, feedpump, weed elimina-tion, processing and
transportation have been mechanised with aims to reduce hard works,
reduce agroproduets' prices, con tributes to the industrialisation and
modemisation in rural areas.
Husbandry
There
are many kinds of animals for husbandry in Red River Delta. Chicken:
Colorful garđened chicken like Tam Hoang, Luong Phuong are now very much
marketable, industrial chicken such as
Issa, Sacssol, superegg
duck, supemleat duck and French goose are expanded and account ed _for
30-40o/o of the total 60 million heads.
Pig: Pigs raised in Red
River Delta for meat mainly are crossbred pigs of Mong Cai pigs and
other foreign crossbreeds such as Landrace, Yorshire, Duroc, Petrian or
purebred pigs of them. At crossbreed centres at the glandparents level
and higher level mainly create new varieties by crossbreeding from those
above mentioned foreign pig breeds. The crossbred pig rate in the Red
River Delta accounts for 80-90% of the total herd of about 7 million
heads.
The Red River Delta has
about 80,000 for eign sows.
Cow:
Cow for -meat in the
Red River Delta mainly comes from the crossbreeding by the sperm of
breeding ox for meat, Red Sindhi, Brahman, Sahiwal, Droughtmaster The
aim is to improve the local cow. Milch cow in the Red River Delta is
mainly HF crossbred milch cow, such as Fl , F2, F3 milch cow crossbred
between ox like Holstein Frieslan (HF) and cow like Lai sind. Some area
raised purebred cows namely Holstein Friesian and Jersey, at the top of
the list is Ha Tay Province with 5,000 heads;
Hanoi: 3,000; Vinh Phuc
Province: 1,000; Hung Yen Province: 1,500 heads, . . .
Goat: There are
many goat breeds attract the interest of fanners beside domestic goats
including co and Bach
thao goats, they are imported goat breeds such as Beetal, Barbarry,
Jamnapuri, Boer, Saanen and Alpine. These goat breeds are being raised
in Ba Vi, Ha Tay Province and some other sunounding provinces such as
Hoa Binh Province, Ninh Binh Province, . . .
Husbandry activities
in the Red River Delta comprise the models of lean pig husbandry farms,
milch cow husbandry farms, application of artificial insemination
technique and biological technology, chicken raising applying storey
cages with automatic troughs and egg collecting conveyor belts. The
temperature and fresh air in the cage are controlled by mechanism. Pig
raising on concrete or plastic floor with automatic feeding machinery:
At separate boar raising for crossbreeding, the temperature and light
are controlled properly, most of their cages are closed tight with
ventilation and are kept cool by steam ventilators. Sow raising is
similar to the pregnant sow raising by square.
Bio-gas is used
popularly in husbandry of households in the Red River Delta. There are
about 50,000 bio-gas pits in the total 150,000 pits in the whole
country.
Husbandry farms use 1
00% of mixed and oncentrated feed. At household scale, people usually
buy concentrated feed and themselves mix in 70-80% other material such
as com flour, rice bran, mamoc flour through guidance ofproduction
centres.
It can be said that the
husbandry for trading has been partly inaustrialized, initially in
industrial feed, breeding facilities and raising.
